Reference Articles 1 - 100 of 706
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A Three Axis Micropositioner for Ultrahigh Vacuum Use Based on The Inertial Slider Principle (.pdf)
We present a three-dimensional micropositioner using the inertial slider principle which is used to position an optical fiber in an atomic fore microscope. It uses only two moving parts as the...(read more)
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Epoxy Crystallization (.pdf)
It often comes as a surprise, but Epoxy Technology's suppliers have assured us that crystallization is an inconvenience rather than a problem. The ones who are most aware of it are the users of epoxy...(read more)
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Fabricating Large Arrays of Microwells with Arbitrary Dimensions and Filling Them Using Discontinuous Dewetting (.pdf)
This paper describes the fabrication of large (up to 45 cm2) arrays of microwells, with volumes as small as 13 fL/well and densities as high as 107 wells/cm2....(read more)
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Built-to-Last Rubber Backs Polycorp's Success (.pdf)
Polycorp Ltd. says its long-standing products and services drive the company's success. A successor to BFGoodrich Engineered Products of Canada, Polycorp acquired the company's assets in 1996. Today,...(read more)
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Influence of Plastic Deformation on The Integrity and Corrosion Resistance of Tantaline Surface Treatment (.pdf)
Material Selection Resources Inc has been involved in selecting materials for valves and pumps in very harsh environments for its clients. Many of the applications require good corrosion resistance in...(read more)
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Metal Valves for Highly Corrosive Applications (.pdf)
This article highlights important issues to consider when selecting corrosion resistant metal valves for difficult corrosion applications, i.e. applications where standard valves (in steel, in...(read more)
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Tantalum Biocompatability Report (.pdf)
This document reviews literature that presents information pertinent to the issue of tantalum's biocompatibility. The information comes from the scientific literature, from extraction studies...(read more)
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Tantalum Suface Alloying of Parts for Corrosice Hydrogen Production Process (.pdf)
With increasing demand for energy and environmental concerns on the rise, there is a tremendous focus to develop the next generation of energy. Advanced processes for coal, natural gas, and especially...(read more)
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Valves & Specialty Metal Materials (.pdf)
The role of valves in a process is far from insignificant. These components enable engineers to control the vitals of a process: temperature, pressure, concentration, and flow. In some cases, the...(read more)
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Making 3M KCl Fill Solution (.pdf)
Preparing a 3M KCl filling solution for electrochemistry....(read more)
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Solving the Problems Inherent to Torch Brazing Aluminum (.pdf)
The volatility in the price of copper has removed cost certainty for manufacturers of copper heat-transfer devices. This market instability and the escalating warranty claims associated with formicary...(read more)
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Optically Bonding Electronic Displays
Over-frame bonding - uses the original metal frame of the LCD for mechanical support. A sealant is used to prevent ingress of the bonding adhesives into the display electronics. The cover glass rests...(read more)
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High Performance Single Layer Anti Reflective Optical Coating (.pdf)
We have developed a broad spectrum optical coating that achieves high performance (<0.5% reflectivity) and is implemented via a single layer wet coat. The technology is based on inorganic...(read more)
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Promoter for Increased Bonding of PET and Polyimide with Cyanoacrylate Adhesive System (.pdf)
Creating efficient bonding between two materials is a key requirement in many advanced industrial applications, for example between incompatible materials in a laminate or composite or between a...(read more)
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Promoter for Increased Bonding of PET and Polyimide with Epoxy Adhesive System (.pdf)
Creating efficient bonding between two materials is a key requirement in many advanced industrial applications, for example between incompatible materials in a laminate or composite or between a...(read more)
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Achieving a Finer Grain Structure Using the Indium Sulfamate Plating Bath (.pdf)
The indium sulfamate plating bath is a common method of depositing pure indium onto conductive metallic surfaces. A relatively common misconception about the bath is that the deposit will have a...(read more)
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Component Adhesions (.pdf)
Many circuit board manufactures are now using double sided printed circuit boards (PCB) that must be reflowed twice. Consequently, component adhesion is a critical issue to ensure all components...(read more)
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Converting a SAC387 Solder Pot to SAC305 (.pdf)
This application note will provide easy to follow instructions for converting a SAC387 solder pot to SAC305 without dumping the entire pot....(read more)
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Eliminating Solder Paste Hang-Up on Squeegee Blades (.pdf)
Paste hang up is when solder paste adheres to the squeegee blade after lift-up from stencil....(read more)
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Indium Oxide & Indium-Tin Oxide (ITO) Coatings (.pdf)
When applied as a coating to glass, mylar or other transparent surface, Indium Oxide and Indium-Tin Oxide (ITO) create conductive, highly transparent surfaces which reflect infrared rays while...(read more)
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Intro to Aqueous Cleaning Equipment (.pdf)
In-line equipment is designed to continuously clean large numbers of circuit boards in a short period of time. As the name implies, the washer receives boards by conveyor, from preceding process units...(read more)
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Optimizing Reflow (.pdf)
A typical reflow profile consists of four stages: preheat, soak or dryout, reflow, and cooling. Understanding these four stages is essential when designing an effective thermal profile....(read more)
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Powder Choice Stencil Design Guidelines (.pdf)
Selection of the appropriate powder size for a specific solder paste application is an elemental step that will ultimately affect the printability of the solder paste with regard to the stencil...(read more)
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Proper Surface Preparation For Indium Plating (.pdf)
As in all electroplating processes, proper surface preparation prior to actual electroplating of indium is essential to insure adequate adhesion and coverage of the deposited metal. Indium can be...(read more)
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Prototype Plating Using Indium Sulfamate Plating Bath (.pdf)
Electroplating indium onto various materials allows the evaluation of indium's unique properties. For example, two metallic substrates can be electroplated with indium and subsequently bonded together...(read more)
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Reclamation & Disposal of In Sulfamate Plating Bath Solution (.pdf)
A properly maintained indium sulfamate plating bath contains 30 - 60 grams of indium metal per liter of plating bath solution depending on the solution age. Due to the high value of indium metal and...(read more)
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Reducing Solder Beads and Solder Balls (.pdf)
Solder beads are large solder spheres which form aside components during reflow. They are most common with low stand-off resistors and capacitors. Solder balls are small, widely scattered solder...(read more)
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Soft Solder Die-Attach (.pdf)
Power semiconductor devices are ubiquitous in electronic equipment running over 10Watts. These power devices convert AC to DC, and vice versa; regulate voltage; switch high currents on and off; and...(read more)
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Soldering to Aluminum (.pdf)
Pure aluminum and high aluminum alloys quickly form a tenacious, refractory ceramic oxide on the surface that requires special techniques to remove and achieve successful soldering....(read more)
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Soldering to Gold - Alloy Choice and Limitations (.pdf)
Gold is a noble metal and therefore does not oxidize or tarnish to any appreciable extent. In electronics, this property makes gold suitable for a number of uses, including contacts for switches and...(read more)
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Soldering to Nitinol (.pdf)
Nitinol (nickel/titanium alloy) has become an increasingly popular material in the medical industry, largely due to its shape memory characteristics, where it is often used in stents, catheters and...(read more)
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Storage and Handling of Solder Preforms and Fabrications (.pdf)
Solder preforms are manufactured under clean room conditions and packaged in an inert gas to minimize oxidation. Since no container offers complete isolation from oxygen in ambient air, preforms...(read more)
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Test Methods for Metallization Paste (.pdf)
There currently are no industry standards for solar metallization paste. The following are test methods that have been adopted by many thin film photovoltaic solar cell manufacturers and are used by...(read more)
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Thermal Interface Materials (.pdf)
Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) are used to efficiently transmit heat from an area of high thermal energy to an area of lower thermal energy. These materials are often used to conduct heat away...(read more)
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Variables of Pin Transfer (.pdf)
Pin transfer is a way of selectively depositing a semi-solid or liquid material (like a solder paste or ball-attach flux) onto a substrate. It is commonly used to apply flux to BGA (ball-grid-array)...(read more)
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Verification of In-House Pb Testing Methods (.pdf)
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) is used to test all metal containing product. The ICP can detect most of the metal, which includes RoHS metals. Pb, Cd, Cr (total) and Hg. PBBs and PBDEs are not...(read more)
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Biofuels: a Challenge to Fuel Seal Elastomers?
Biofuels - bioethanol, biobutanol and biodiesel - are becoming a significant reality in the transportation fuels landscape in the USA and North America, as well as Europe, South America and the...(read more)
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Bonding Non-Metallic Materials Using Indium and High Indium Alloys (.pdf)
Application: A unique property of indium is that it will wet and bond to certain non-metallics such as glass, glazed ceramics, mica, quartz and various metallic oxides....(read more)
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Determination of Solidus and Liquidus Alloys Temperatures Using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (.pdf)
The solidus temperature is defined as the temperature at which the first deviation from the base line appears (Figure 1). The deviation signals that a phase change is taking place. Thus the solidus...(read more)
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Eliminating Flux Residue in OPTO-Electronic Packages (.pdf)
With the advent of opto-electronic hermetic packages, it has become necessary to significantly reduce, if not eliminate, foreign materials that can cause reliability problems on the optical components...(read more)
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Etching Indium to Remove Oxides (.pdf)
The formation of metal oxides on indium is self-passivating. A thickness of 80-100 Angstroms of oxide is all that will form on the surface. Prior to using indium in a sealing or cold welding...(read more)
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Fluxless Soldering (.pdf)
Some applications are very sensitive to the use of a flux due to the post reflow residue that may be present. Also, flux may be a problem in a vacuum environment or in an application in which it must...(read more)
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Gold Tin The Unique Eutectic Solder Alloy (.pdf)
The eutectic gold-tin alloy is 80%Au/20%Sn with a eutectic of 280°C (556°F) and is reflowed in a pure nitrogen or forming gas* atmosphere, which forms the "flux", normally onto gold based...(read more)
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High Tack & Adhesion for Polyether and Polyester (.pdf)
Designed for applications requiring a modified acrylic adhesive for laminating to polyether and polyester urethane foams where high initial tack and adhesion are required...(read more)
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How to use Fusible Alloys (.pdf)
Fusible alloys are materials that melt at less then 300°F, well below the melting point of tin-lead eutectic solders and SAC alloys. Bismuth is the major component of many of these alloys and...(read more)
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Indium Cold Welding (.pdf)
Indium has the unique ability to cold weld to itself. If the surfaces have been coated with indium (minimum 0.002"-0.003"), they can be joined by following this procedure...(read more)
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Indium for Sealing (.pdf)
Indium is an ideal material to create a compression seal due to its softness. It remains malleable and ductile even at cryogenic temperatures. Alloys containing high amounts of indium are sometimes...(read more)
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Indium Thermal Interface Materials (.pdf)
Thermal interface materials are useful for a variety of applications, but solder thermal interface materials (sTIM) are especially suited to high-end device cooling. To improve package reliability, it...(read more)
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Indium/Copper Intermetallics (.pdf)
Indium and copper diffuse into one another creating brittle intermetallic formations that could cause failures in applications that are sensitive to shock or thermal cycling....(read more)
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Indium/Lead Soldering to Gold (.pdf)
Many components and printed circuit boards are plated with varying thicknesses of gold ranging from a fl ash, (10-15 microinches,) to several hundred microinches. To produce an acceptable joint when...(read more)
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Physical Constants of Pure Indium (.pdf)
Indium, the 49th element, was discovered in Germany in 1863. In 1934, Indium Corporation of America was the first to begin commercial development of indium, and is still the leading refiner,...(read more)
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Preform Packaging Guide (.pdf)
Packaging is a key element in the design of a solder preform. With the proper packaging, preforms can be efficiently introduced into any manufacturing process. It is also essential to the protection...(read more)
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The Use of Indium Chemicals in Alkaline Battery Manufacturing (.pdf)
Indium is commonly used in the manufacture of alkaline batteries. Indium functions by coating the individual zinc particles of the cathode with a thin coating of indium metal. When the battery is...(read more)
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Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) of Plastic (.pdf)
TGA is commonly employed in research and testing to determine characteristics of polymer and plastic materials to determine degradation temperatures, absorbed moisture content of materials, the level...(read more)
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Characterizing Foam Hinged Lid Containers using DMA Testing (.pdf)
The foam hinged lid container market continues to grow as more people order takeout food. Products from various manufacturers appear and feel the same or equivalent, but the performance is noticed by...(read more)
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Challenges for Future Powerplant Coolant Systems (.pdf)
Today's powerplants challenge the upper limits of many engineering thermoplastics and especially those charged with the critical task of helping cool components and systems. PPA materials offer great...(read more)
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DuPont Electrical Electronics Material Selector Guide - DUPONT TRG 1424
Electrical property data for engineering thermoplastics: Zytel®, Crastin®, Minlon®, Rynite®, Zenite®, Thermx®, and Zytel® HTN...(read more)
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Tests for Thermoplastic Materials Used in the Electrical and Electronic Industries (.pdf)
The purpose of this report is to give: A summary of the major electrical, flammability standards for thermoplastic materials covering property definition, test description, and significance....(read more)
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Zytel® HTN PPA and Zytel® Nylon 6,6 and Nylon 6 Resins in High Temperature and Automotive Chemical Exposure Environments (.pdf)
As petroleum prices experience record volatility, automotive OEMs are seeking advanced materials that permit the development of more light weight, fuel efficient vehicles. Thermoplastics are a natural...(read more)
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Stainless Steel
Anyone who lives by the ocean knows that stainless steel is not stain proof but just what it says, it stains less. In the presence of a strong chloride ion (found in the air by the ocean) the iron in...(read more)
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Color Stability of Transparent High Heat Polycarbonate in Automobile Lens Applications (.pdf)
Novel and versatile developments in automotive lighting applications demand new material solutions to meet industry requirements. Color stability of a new transparent high heat polycarbonate copolymer...(read more)
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Melt Processable, Fiberglass Reinforced, High Heat Thermoplastic Polyimides (.pdf)
The addition of fiberglass to a new high temperature (Tg 267°C), thermoplastic polyimide yields blends with enhanced performance (these blends fall under US export control restrictions). High...(read more)
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Polycarbonate Hydrolysis (.pdf)
The hydrolysis of polycarbonate (PC) is compared to polybutylene teraphthalate (PBT). Phosphorus additives are shown to accelerate PC hydrolysis. Polycarbonate polyester (PEC) copolymers hydrolyze...(read more)
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Scratch-Resistant, Transparent Polycarbonates with Eco-Compliant Flame Properties (.pdf)
Polycarbonate resins possessing high surface hardness and improved scratch resistance have been developed for injection molding applications. Due to their transparent nature and good balance of...(read more)
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Metal Floors - White Paper
The term "Metal Floors" brings to mind a wide variety of products. One of the first Web sites that comes up on Google for the term "Metal Floors" talks about luxury housing trends...(read more)
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A Hierachical Initation Mechanism Approach to Modeling Fatigue Life Variability in 35CO-35NI-10MO Alloy Medical Grade Fine Wire (.pdf)
Many cardiac stimulation lead systems use wires comprising alloy MP35NTM1 or a clean melt version known as 35N LT?2. At an average human heart rate of sixty beats per minute, these wire systems...(read more)
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Characterizing Fatigue Response of Nickel-Titanium (.pdf)
Fatigue information has been reliable in predicting wire critical structural integrity. The aim of this study is to expound on the characterization technique of rotary beam fatigue testing (RBT). By...(read more)
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Fatigue Performance of Nitinol Round Wire with Varying Cold Work Reductions (.pdf)
The role of cold work reduction and its effect on fatigue properties are examined by means of rotary beam fatigue testing. In this study, processing parameters from the initial ingot to the final size...(read more)
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Structure-Property Relationships in Conventional and Nanocrystalline NiTi Intermetallic Alloy Wire (.pdf)
Homogeneous 177-lm diameter nanocrystalline Nitinol wires were produced and compared to microcrystalline Nitinol from equivalent ingot stock. Property measurement was carried out using cyclic tension...(read more)
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Growing Market for LEDs Fuels Need for Advanced Abatement Systems (.pdf)
As the volume of compound semiconductor (CS) processing ramps up, driven primarily by demand for new light emitting diode (LED) products, manufacturers must deal with a variety of process gas...(read more)
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FlexMetal Catalyst Technologies (.pdf)
A new family of automotive three-way conversion (TWC) catalyst technologies has been developed using a Precision Metal Addition (PMA) process. Precious metal (PGM) fixation onto the support occurs...(read more)
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The Adhesive Advantage (.pdf)
Contact spray adhesives are an easier, faster, and cleaner way to get the job done. Although slightly more expensive than brushable-grade contact cement, spray cans offer advantages that make them...(read more)
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Using Canister Adhesives (.pdf)
9 Steps to Using Canister Adhesive Systems...(read more)
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Chemical Formulation: An Overview of Surfactant-based Preparations Used in Everyday Life
Chemical Formulation: An Overview of Surfactant-based Preparations Used in Everyday Life Bridging the gap between theory and application, this invaluable book discusses the chemical technology of...(read more)
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Chemical History: Reviews of the Recent Literature
Chemical History: Reviews of the Recent Literature Designed to familiarize newcomers to the history of chemistry with some important developments in the field, this extensively referenced book...(read more)
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Chlorosulfonic Acid: A Versatile Reagent
Chlorosulfonic Acid: A Versatile Reagent An invaluable text for synthetic chemists in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, plastic and detergent industries, this book provides a detailed, up-to-date...(read more)
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Civil Engineering Formulas
Civil Engineering Formulas Containing more than 2000 formulas, tables, and graphs presented in SI and USCS formats, this easy-to-use reference offers problems and calculations to help civil...(read more)
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Civil Engineering ReferencePoint Suite
Civil Engineering ReferencePoint Suite Use these ReferencePoints to learn about various civil engineering areas including transportation and geotechnical topics....(read more)
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Civil Engineering: Building Structures Review
Civil Engineering: Building Structures Review Filled with solved examples and problems, and key concepts and equations, this comprehensive review guide is for civil engineers who want to prepare...(read more)
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Colour Chemistry
Colour Chemistry Providing up-to-date insight into the chemistry behind the color of the dyes and pigments that make our world so colorful, this text examines the history, the structure and...(read more)
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Computational Materials Science of Polymers
Computational Materials Science of Polymers Describing an approach to the quantitative analysis of the effect of the chemical structure of linear and network polymers on their properties, this...(read more)
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Glossary of Forging Terms
Common terms used in forging, also a good metallurgical introduction....(read more)
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The Chemistry and Physics of Coatings, Second Edition
The Chemistry and Physics of Coatings, Second Edition Providing an introduction to the science underpinning the paint industry, this book will be of particular interest to graduates of materials...(read more)
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The Chemistry of Medical and Dental Materials
The Chemistry of Medical and Dental Materials Providing a state-of-the-art account of the chemistry of the synthetic materials used in medicine and dentistry, this fully referenced book looks at...(read more)
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Catalysis in Application
Catalysis in Application While combining a unique mix of chemistry and chemical engineering, this up-to-date text provides a snapshot of hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, chiral catalysis,...(read more)
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Ceramic Matrix Composites: Microstructure, Properties and Applications
Ceramic Matrix Composites: Microstructure, Properties and Applications Compiled by experienced and established researchers in the field, this book is a collection of chapters reviewing and...(read more)
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Ceramics Materials: Processes, Properties and Applications
Ceramics Materials: Processes, Properties and Applications Primarily an introduction to ceramic materials, this authoritative reference examines both traditional and "technical" ceramics and their...(read more)
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Chemical and Process Design Handbook
Chemical and Process Design Handbook Invaluable to chemical and environmental engineers as well as process designers, this easy-to-read book shows you how to control chemical processes to yield...(read more)
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Antireflection Coatings (.pdf)
Broadband antireflection coatings provide a very low reflectance over a broad spectral bandwidth. These advanced multilayer films, are optimized to reduce overall reflectance to an extremely low level...(read more)
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Carbon Paraequilibrium in Austenitic Stainless Steel
Carburization of austenitic stainless steels under paraequilibriumconditions-i.e., at (low) temperatures where there is essentially no substitutional diffusion-leads to a family of steels with...(read more)
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Pentagon Seeks More Power From Vehicles
A strong argument could be made that given the recent innovations in ground-vehicle armor, and vehicle-mounted communications and sensor equipment brought about by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan,...(read more)
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Classification System for Elastometric Materials
While not the part of the specification itself, the following chart presents the assigned material prefix letters and the polymer such prefix would normally call out....(read more)
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Service Temperature of Elastomers
Many factors affect the service temperature of elastomers. This chart is to be used as a guide only. Contact our technical department for specific requirements....(read more)
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Standard Abbreviations for Rubbery Materials
Based on ISO recommendation R1629 and ASTM D 1418...(read more)
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Adhesion of Polymers
Adhesion of Polymers Providing in-depth coverage of properties, techniques, and step-by-step methods, this valuable sourcebook gives you the most comprehensive coverage available to create, apply,...(read more)
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Advanced Engineering Chemistry, Second Edition
Advanced Engineering Chemistry, Second Edition Including numerous experiments and applications of modern chemical theory, illustrations, in-text examples and exercises, this reference is designed...(read more)
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Advantages of Forging
Forging Solutions Design Engineering Additional case studies How Forgings Compare to Other Processes Fatigue Performance Comparison of Competing Manufacturing Processes...(read more)
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FIA - Forging Facts
What is forging? Why use forgings and where are they used? Who buys forgings How big is the forging industry? How many people are employed by the forging industry? What metals are forged? What...(read more)
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How to Buy Forgings (.pdf)
Close cooperation between buyers and producers of forgings has always been a vital part of achieving the best possible product at the lowest possible cost. With major advances in forging methods and...(read more)
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Allowing for Fracture Toughness in the Use of Zirconium (.pdf)
Designers of equipment incorporating load-bearing parts made of zirconium should account for its comparatively low facture-toughness. The paper summarizes the current knowledge of zirconium...(read more)
