Reference Articles 1 - 100 of 952
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Applying Thin Film Coatings Used in Medical Devices (.pdf)
Society has benefited tremendously from the development and utilization of mechanical devices which are implanted inside the body and are used to replace bones and joints, increase blood flow, and...(read more)
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Chemical Addition Probiotic Food (.pdf)
Many foods contain supplements to provide added health benefits. One such additive is a probiotic bacteria culture that improves a person's digestive health. A juice manufacture in Canada adds a small...(read more)
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Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) of Diamond-Like Coatings (.pdf)
This application relates to the chemical vapor deposition of a diamond-like nanocomposite material, sometimes referred to as DLC (Diamond-Like Coating). The coating has low friction properties...(read more)
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The Advantages of Mass Flow Meters & Controllers in Fuel Cell Test Stands (.pdf)
Fuel cell engineers use test stands to simulate the performance of fuel cells. The challenge is to mimic reality and determine the optimum fuel mixture and temperature, while also examining failure...(read more)
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Advanced Spectral Analysis (.pdf)
As industries continue to look for new methods of identifying and predicting equipment failures, manufacturers of predictive maintenance equipment are developing new tools to add to their arsenal of...(read more)
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DC Motor Analysis & Troubleshooting (.pdf)
Condition assessment of DC motors requires a basic understanding of the design and operating characteristics of the various types available: the series motor, the shunt motor, and the compound motor....(read more)
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Eastman Chemical Company Motor Analysis - Stepping Out of the Box (.pdf)
Eastman Chemical Company started its Motor Analysis Program in late 1998 when we purchased an online power analyzer. After several months of testing, we found the analyzer to be limited for...(read more)
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Identifying Motor Defects Through Fault Zone Analysis (.pdf)
Electrical maintenance personnel have for years been limited to troubleshooting with no more than a fluke and a Megger. This unfortunately does not provide enough information to allow most...(read more)
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Improving Motor Reliability Through Static and Dynamic Testing (.pdf)
Static motor testing is a well-known means to comprehensively test electric motors. However, if a motor cannot be shutdown even the best static equipment becomes ineffective. Situations like these...(read more)
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Influence of Residual Flux on the Measurement of Inductance (.pdf)
During normal operation of a three-phase AC induction motor, the magnetic flux in a healthy rotor forms a sinusoidal pattern. Typically, in healthy rotors, little residual flux will remain after the...(read more)
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Manufacturing High-Tech Revolution (.pdf)
It's late on a Friday afternoon. You just got an email from your boss' boss that he's impressed with the predictive maintenance program you have implemented at the plant. Yes, by combining the...(read more)
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Motor Efficiency and Fault Zone Analysis (.pdf)
Does motor efficiency relate to "going green"? While the term going green originally applied to the release of greenhouse gases, it has been broadened to include waste and inefficiency associated with...(read more)
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Motor Repair or Replacement? The Green Solution (.pdf)
The ever present emphasis on technological efficiency is just one of several forces behind the pressure on companies to "go green" despite a trying economy. Yet green investments, particularly as they...(read more)
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Online Fault Analysis of DC Motors (.pdf)
Over the last 20 years, Current Signature Analysis (CSA) has become an established tool for online fault analysis of AC Induction motors. Presently, very little research has been performed using...(read more)
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Rotor Testing with MCE (.pdf)
How often have you been in a situation where you have to determine whether a rotor problem exists and the only indication you have is rotor bar pass frequency and a gut feeling. Squirrel cage...(read more)
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VFD Motor Testing (.pdf)
VFD Technology has changed the way most of us do business in one way or another. If you have not been influenced in some way by this new technology, then stand by, your time is coming. We have all...(read more)
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World-Class Companies Need World-Class Motor Management and Maintenance (.pdf)
As one of the most critical factors in reducing manufacturing costs, motor reliability has to be taken very seriously if a company wants to increase its return on investment in motor assets. Keeping...(read more)
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An Investigation of Diverse Surface Finishes on Fatigue Properties of Superelastic Nitinol Wire (.pdf)
The impact of surface finish on rotary beam fatigue life of 0.323 mm Nitinol (Ni 56wt%-Ti) wire is studied. In preparation of the wire samples, processing parameters such as cold work reduction and...(read more)
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Bend Moment Analysis Comparing Strand Annealed (.pdf)
Bend moment testing was employed to characterize both force output and tolerable strain prior to permanent deformation of 0.020" diameter wires. Both wires were cold drawn and thermally straightened...(read more)
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Characterizing Fatigue and Fracture Response (.pdf)
With respect to a dynamic test protocol, fatigue information has been reliable in predicting wire wear longevity as well as critical structural integrity. It has been noted that the efficacy of modern...(read more)
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Engineering Characteristics of Drawn Filled Nitinol Tube (.pdf)
The elastic behavior of various thermally set Nitinol-DFT®-Platinum1 composite wires was investigated in both axial and flexural modes. Two varieties of composite materials were analyzed, each...(read more)
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Fatigue Failure Analysis of Enhanced 35N LT® (.pdf)
An experiment was conducted by Fort Wayne Metals of 0.007" (0.178 mm) diameter wires of both solid system and composite materials. The experiment consisted of evaluation of two melting practices used...(read more)
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Optimization of Melt Chemistry and Properties of 35Cobalt-35Nickel (.pdf)
The purpose of this paper is to review the property improvements of ASTM F 562 wire. The improved material, called 35N LT??alloy, meets all chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirements of the...(read more)
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The Effects of Varying Active Af Temperatures on the Fatigue Properties of Nitinol Wire (.pdf)
The influence of deformation temperature on mechanical properties of Shape Memory and Superelastic Nickel-Titanium (Nitinol) alloys has been studied and is well documented. In determining the...(read more)
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The Influence of Melt Practice On Final Fatigue (.pdf)
The impact of original melt practice and strain amplitude on Ni 56wt%-Ti wire was investigated using rotary beam fatigue testing. The fatigue tests were conducted in the superelastic condition above...(read more)
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The Significance of Melt Practice on Fatigue Properties (.pdf)
In continuation of a previous comparison of the influence of melt practice and strain amplitude on Ni 56wt%-Ti 0.267 mm wire, this investigation explores the fatigue properties at 0.127 mm of the same...(read more)
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Growing Reliability Down on the Wind Farm (.pdf)
To most casual observers, the forecast of sustained growth across the worldwide wind energy sector in the years ahead would seem quite sunny. Down on the wind farm, however, storm clouds related to...(read more)
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Improving Wind Turbine Maintenance
With the growth of wind farms, users are turning to condition monitoring and automatic lubrication systems for increased reliability....(read more)
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Modeling Unsteady State Processes with CHEMCAD Steady State Simulation Tools (.pdf)
Simulation models the addition of 1 gpm of a water stream at 200°F to a vessel which initially contains 100 gallons of water at 60°F...(read more)
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Proper Relief Valve Fire Case Evaluation Using Dynamic Simulation Tools Versus API 521 Recommended Practice (.pdf)
The following slides describe a special case encountered while performing a refinery relief valve evaluation project. A pool fire scenario is near a large bank of stacked horizontal heat exchangers...(read more)
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"Clear Vision" Automatic Windshield Defogging System (.pdf)
The present paper describes the system design for the Clear Vision auto defog system and the improvements made to the Integrated Dew Point and Glass Temperature (IDGT) sensor. The Clear Vision auto...(read more)
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A Control System Methodology for Steer by Wire Systems (.pdf)
Steer by Wire systems provide many benefits in terms of functionality, and at the same time present significant challenges too. Chief among them is to make sure that an acceptable steering feel is...(read more)
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A Math-Based CAE High-Speed Punch Methodology for Polymer Airbag Cover Design (.pdf)
Owing to the complex processing effects of injection molding and the influence of the wide-range of in-service conditions (e.g., from -40ºC to 90ºC) on the performance of polymer airbag covers, the...(read more)
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A Model for Relating a Thermal Comfort Scale to EHT Comfort Index (.pdf)
Delphi Harrison Thermal System's comfort model can be used to predict the local thermal comfort level of an occupant in the highly non-uniform thermal environment of a vehicle cabin. This model is...(read more)
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A Novel Transient Drop Sizing Technique for Investigating the Role of Gasoline Injector Sprays in Fuel Mixture Preparation (.pdf)
A novel measurement technique to evaluate the transient nature of the pulsing sprays from gasoline fuel injectors is created by combining and synchronizing established laser diffraction and high-speed...(read more)
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A Sensitivity Study of Occupant Thermal Comfort in a Cabin Using Virtual Thermal Comfort Engineering (.pdf)
Simulation of cabin climatic conditions is becoming increasingly important as a complement to wind tunnel and field testing to help achieve improved thermal comfort while reducing vehicle development...(read more)
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An Adaptable Software Safety Process for Automotive Safety-Critical Systems (.pdf)
In this paper, we review existing software safety standards, guidelines, and other software safety documents. Common software safety elements from these documents are identified. We then describe an...(read more)
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An Integrated Testing and CAE Application Methodology for Curtain Airbag Development (.pdf)
The Curtain Airbag (CAB) is used currently to provide head and neck protection for the front-seat and rear-seat vehicle occupants during side-impact collisions and vehicle rollovers. The coated fabric...(read more)
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Analytical Design of Cockpit Modules for Safety and Comfort (.pdf)
This paper reviews the state of the art on analytical design of cockpit modules in two most crucial performance categories: safety and comfort. On safety, applications of finite element analysis (FEA)...(read more)
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Analytical Predictions and Correlation With Physical Tests for Potential Buzz, Squeak, and Rattle Regions in a Cockpit Assembly (.pdf)
The perceived interior noise has been one of the major driving factors in the design of automotive interior assemblies. Buzz, Squeak and Rattle (BSR) issues are one of the major contributors toward...(read more)
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Anti-Lock Braking Performance and Hydraulic Brake Pressure Estimation (.pdf)
Anti-Lock Brake Systems use hydraulic valves to control brake pressure and ultimately, wheel slip. The difference in pressure across these hydraulic valves affects their performance. The control of...(read more)
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Application of Robust Engineering Methods to Improve ECU Software Testing (.pdf)
Robust Engineering techniques developed by Taguchi have traditionally applied to the optimization of engineering designs. Robust Engineering methods also may be applied to software testing of ECU...(read more)
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Application of Six Sigma Methodologies to Improve Requirements Management for Customer Programs (.pdf)
A clear understanding of Customer and User requirements is essential to successfully develop, design, build, test and produce components and systems for Customer Programs. Failure to thoroughly...(read more)
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Assessment of Eutectic Solder Phase Growth in Under-The-Hood Power Control Modules (.pdf)
In many applications, especially automotive, solder interconnects experience degradation due to prolonged temperature and power cycling. This degradation behavior manifests itself as changes in the...(read more)
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Backpressure Characteristics of Modern Threeway Catalysts, Benefit on Engine Performance (.pdf)
The paper is aimed at investigating backpressure and backpressure variation of three way catalysts (TWC). Results presented show that backpressure variation is influenced by measurement error,...(read more)
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CAE-Based Side Curtain Airbag Design (.pdf)
Since its invention in early 1990s, the side curtain airbag has become an important part of the occupant restraint system for side impact and rollover protection. Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) is...(read more)
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Co-Simulation Platform for Diagnostic Development of a Controlled Chassis System (.pdf)
This paper discusses the development and application of a closed-loop co-simulation platform for a controlled chassis system. The platform is comprised of several software packages, including...(read more)
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Comparing Substrate Solutions for Automotive Power Electronics Applications (.pdf)
High power electronic applications in the automotive industry require interconnecting substrates that have high reliability, high thermal conductivity, high current capability, multi-layer potential,...(read more)
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Comparison of Load Distributions between Human Occupants and ATDs in Normal and Non-Normal Occupant Positions and Postures (.pdf)
In occupant sensing system development, the Anthropomorphic Test Dummy (ATD) and the Occupant Classification ATD (OCATD) are frequently used to simulate live human subjects in the testing and...(read more)
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Control of Brake- and Steer-by-Wire Systems During Brake Actuator Failure (.pdf)
In this paper a method of mitigating the consequences of potential brake actuator failure in vehicles with brake-bywire (BBW) and possibly with steer-by-wire (SBW) systems is described. The proposed...(read more)
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Controller Integrity in Automotive Failsafe System Architectures (.pdf)
Embedded controllers and digital signal processors are increasingly being used in automotive safety critical control systems. Controller integrity is a significant concern in these systems. Over the...(read more)
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Correlation Grading Methodology for Occupant Protection System Models (.pdf)
Computer modeling and simulation have become one of the primary methods for development and design of automobile occupant protection systems (OPS). To ensure the accuracy and reliability of a...(read more)
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Detection of Vehicle Rollover (.pdf)
The development and preliminary testing of an algorithm that detects impending rollover is described. The algorithm is intended for use in conjunction with active chassis systems to prevent some types...(read more)
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Effective Application of Software Safety Techniques for Automotive Embedded Control Systems (.pdf)
Execution of a software safety program is an accepted best practice to help verify that potential software hazards are identified and their associated risks are mitigated. Successful execution of a...(read more)
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Electric Compressor Drive with Integrated Electronics for 42 V Automotive HVAC Systems (.pdf)
The electrical power demand in automobiles is rising steadily, especially in luxury vehicles, due to new electrical systems that enhance passenger comfort and safety. The present 14 V bus and Lundell...(read more)
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Engine Oil Viscometer Based on Oil Pressure Sensor (.pdf)
A methodology for measuring oil viscosity in an internal combustion engine has been developed that is based on measured values of oil pressure and oil temperature at a relatively low engine speed near...(read more)
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Evaluation and Comparison of CFD Integrated Airbag Models in LS-DYNA, MADYMO and PAM-CRASH (.pdf)
The interaction between the deploying airbag and the Out-Of-Position (OOP) occupants remains a challenge in occupant protection system simulations. The integration of Computational Fluid Dynamics...(read more)
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Evaluation of Power Devices for Automotive Hybrid and 42V Based Systems (.pdf)
With the requirements for reducing the emissions and improving the fuel economy, the automotive companies are developing hybrid, 42 V and fuel cell vehicles. Power electronics is an enabling...(read more)
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Executable Specs: What Makes One, and How are They Used? (.pdf)
Model-based systems development relies upon the concept of an executable specification. A survey of published literature shows a wide range of definitions for executable specifications [1-10]. In this...(read more)
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Feasibility of Detecting Antifreeze Leakage in Diesel Engine Oils (.pdf)
Un-dispersed antifreeze can cause detrimental changes in diesel engine oils. The oil condition sensor invented at Delphi Corporation can detect un-dispersed antifreeze in diesel and gasoline engine...(read more)
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FPGA Considerations for Automotive Applications (.pdf)
The technological and process developments within the semiconductor industry during the past two decades has led to significant advancements in the complexity, functionality and performance of...(read more)
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Hierarchical Component-based Fault Diagnostics for By-Wire Systems (.pdf)
This paper proposes the concept of Generalized Diagnostic Component (GDC) and presents a modular fault diagnostic strategy for safety critical automotive systems. The diagnostic strategy makes full...(read more)
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Influence of Chassis Characteristics on Sustained Roll, Heave and Yaw Oscillations in Dynamic Rollover Testing (.pdf)
In dynamic rollover tests many vehicles experience sustained body roll oscillations during a portion of road edge recovery maneuver, in which constant steering angle is maintained. In this paper,...(read more)
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Low Volatility Fuel Delivery Control during Cold Engine Starts (.pdf)
The intensity of a combustion flame ionization current signal (ionsense) can be used to monitor and control combustion in individual cylinders during a cold engine start. The rapid detection of poor...(read more)
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Monitoring Driver Physiological Parameters for Improved Safety (.pdf)
Driver error is a major cause of vehicle accidents and fatalities. Many of these accidents are related to impaired driver cognition because of fatigue, drowsiness, stress, or mental workload....(read more)
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Overview of Remote Diagnosis and Maintenance for Automotive Systems (.pdf)
Advances in wireless communications, model-based diagnostics, human-machine interfaces, electronics and embedded system technologies have created the foundation for a dramatic shift in the way the...(read more)
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Passive Sensing of Driver Intoxication (.pdf)
A sensor that passively monitors the driver for intoxication has been demonstrated. The driver's blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is obtained by sensing alcohol and CO2 in air drawn from the vehicle...(read more)
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Physical and Virtual Prototyping of Magnesium Instrument Panel Structures (.pdf)
This paper reviews the current strategies for physical prototyping of Magnesium instrument panel (I/P) structures. Bottlenecks in the traditional physical prototype based product development process...(read more)
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Potential Applications of R-152a Refrigerant in Vehicle Climate Control Part II (.pdf)
Worldwide scrutiny of the global warming impact of R-134a has presented the automotive industry with a pressing challenge to search for suitable alternative refrigerant(s). HFC-152a, referred to as...(read more)
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Pressure Drop of Segmented Diesel Particulate Filters (.pdf)
Segmented, Silicon-Carbide Diesel Particulate Filters appear to be automotive industry's popular choice for reducing particulate emissions of Diesel Engines, particularly for light duty platforms....(read more)
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Rollover Crash Sensing and Safety Overview (.pdf)
This paper provides an overview of rollover crash safety, including field crash statistics, pre- and rollover dynamics, test procedures and dummy responses as well as a bibliography of pertinent...(read more)
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Sensitivity of Contact Electronic Throttle Control Sensor to Control System Variation (.pdf)
The purpose of this paper is to improve the understanding of the advantages of a non-contact electronic throttle control (ETC) air control valve position sensor over the potentiometer technology of...(read more)
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Simulation and Testing of a Suite of Field Relevant Rollovers (.pdf)
Automotive rollover is a complex mechanical phenomenon. In order to understand the mechanism of rollover and develop any potential countermeasures for occupant protection, efficient and repeatable...(read more)
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Simulation-Based Engine Calibration: Tools, Techniques, and Applications (.pdf)
Calibration of engine management systems requires considerable engineering resources during the development of modern engines. Traditional calibration methods use a combination of engine dynamometer...(read more)
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Sled Test Results Using the Hybrid III 6 Year Old: An Evaluation of Various Restraints and Crash Configurations (.pdf)
Data suggest that in response to substantial educational efforts, more children are being placed in the rear seats of vehicles. As this transition occurs, it is important to make efforts to optimize...(read more)
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Spatial Encoding of Structured Light for Ranging With Single Camera (.pdf)
A single camera and dot matrix structured light are used for target range measurement with optical triangulation. The probing beams are spatially encoded in the image plane so that each beam can be...(read more)
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Survey of Front Passenger Posture Usage in Passenger Vehicles (.pdf)
In 2002, NHTSA statistics indicate air bag deployments saved an estimated 1,500 lives; however, reports of occupants having serious or fatal injuries during air bag deployment appear low relative to...(read more)
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Survey of Software Failsafe Techniques for Safety-Critical Automotive Applications (.pdf)
A requirement of many modern safety-critical automotive applications is to provide failsafe operation. Several analysis methods are available to help confirm that automotive safety-critical systems...(read more)
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Systems Approach in Development of Adaptive Energy Absorbing Steering Columns by Virtual Engineering (.pdf)
In this paper, the design and development of an adaptive Energy Absorbing (EA) steering column using systems and virtual engineering approach is presented. An adaptive EA column adapts to the load...(read more)
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The Effectiveness of Oxygen in Preventing Embrittlement in Air Bag Inflators Containing Gaseous Hydrogen (.pdf)
This study examines the effectiveness of gaseous oxygen at preventing embrittlement in steel associated with exposure to gaseous hydrogen under static loading conditions. Notched C-ring samples...(read more)
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Unified Control of Brake- and Steer-by-Wire Systems Using Optimal Control Allocation Methods (.pdf)
A new optimal control strategy for dealing with braking actuator failures in a vehicle equipped with a brake-bywire and steer-by- wire system is described. The main objective of the control algorithm...(read more)
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Virtual Tests for Facilitating Steering Wheel Development (.pdf)
A steering wheel is an indispensable component in an automobile. Although the steering wheel was invented about one hundred years ago and its structure has since become more and more complex with...(read more)
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Leadership in Jet Engine Testing at INTA
Testing next-generation jet engines is a high-stakes business. In the rarified atmosphere of this competitive market, only a handful of companies worldwide have the facilities, equipment and know-how...(read more)
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LMS Database Application Streamlines Volkswagen's Durability Testing Operations
Volkswagen is improving the efficiency of its durability testing operations by working with LMS to develop a durability knowledge and process management solution that will contribute to a more...(read more)
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LMS Engineering Services Performed a Modal Test Campaign on Goodrich Landing Gear for the Airbus A380
In the Super Rig at Goodrich Corporation's landing gear facility in Oakville, Ontario (Canada), LMS engineering consultants subjected a body landing gear prototype assembly for the Airbus A380 to...(read more)
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LMS Engineers Minimize Interior and Pass-by Noise for Jiangling Motor Corporation
LMS engineering consultants substantially improved the interior and pass-by noise on several new Jiangling Motor Corporation (JMC) vehicles for the Chinese market. JMC needed to reduce noise to meet...(read more)
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A400M Restructuring Moves To Negotiations
Government stakeholders in the Airbus Military A400M transport have agreed to formally start talks with industry to renegotiate the contract and keep the program alive. During a meeting in southern...(read more)
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Breaking Records via Fuel Management (.pdf)
In March 2005, the Virgin Atlantic turbofan-powered GlobalFlyer flew around the world nonstop, unrefueled, in 67 hours and one minute. Aerodynamics was key to GlobalFlyer's success; its configuration...(read more)
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EL 2200 Performance Readout (.pdf)
Electromagnetic flow meters use Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction to determine the velocity of a liquid flowing in a pipe. They are very well known for their rugged construction, open...(read more)
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2-step Variable Valve Actuation: System Optimization and Integration on an SI Engine (.pdf)
2-step variable valve actuation using early-intake valve closing is a strategy for high fuel economy on sparkignited gasoline engines....(read more)
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A Math-Based Methodology for Fatigue Longevity Prediction of 3D Woven Fiberglass Reinforced Vinyl-ester Composites (.pdf)
In the DOE-Delphi Composite Chassis Cross-Member program, 3TEX 3Weave (3D woven fiberglass mat)/vinyl-ester (Dion 9800) composites have been investigated as a candidate material. One of the most...(read more)
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The Potential of Switched Reluctance Motor Technology for Electro-Mechanical Brake Applications (.pdf)
Electro-mechanical brakes (EMBs) are emerging as a new approach to enhance brake system features as well as braking performance. This paper takes a fresh look at the switched reluctance (SR) drive as...(read more)
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A Hardware-in-the-loop Test Bench for Production Transmission Controls Software Quality Validation (.pdf)
Production software validation is critical during software development, allowing potential quality issues that could occur in the field to be minimized. By developing automated and repeatable software...(read more)
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A Statistical Approach for Real-Time Prognosis of Safety-Critical Vehicle Systems (.pdf)
The paper describes the development of a vehicle stability indicator based on the correlation between various current vehicle chassis sensors such as hand wheel angle, yaw rate and lateral...(read more)
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Automotive FM Diversity Systems, Part I: Propagation Channel Modeling and Multipath Review (.pdf)
This paper represents Part I of a three part series on automotive FM diversity systems. Part I focuses on a review of multipath fading....(read more)
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Automotive FM Diversity Systems, Part II: Analog Systems (.pdf)
This paper represents Part II of a three part series on automotive FM diversity systems....(read more)
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Automotive FM Diversity Systems, Part III: Digital Systems (.pdf)
This paper represents Part III of a three part series on automotive FM diversity systems....(read more)
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Co-Simulation Analysis of Transient Response and Control for Engines with Variable Valvetrains (.pdf)
Modern engines are becoming highly complex, with several strongly interactive subsystems - - variable cam phasers on both intake and exhaust, along with various kinds of variable valve lift...(read more)
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Cooling with Augmented Heated and Cooled Seats (.pdf)
Heating and cooling automotive seats are a relatively new technology that delivers conditioned air to the occupant's seat providing an overall improvement in occupant comfort. This paper combines...(read more)
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Development of an Emission Controls Concept for an IDI Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Meeting 2007 Phase-In Emission Standards (.pdf)
In order to allow continued production of the AM General Optimizer 6500 during MY 2007 through 2010 this IDI engine (Indirect Injection - swirl chamber) requires sophisticated aftertreatment controls...(read more)
